An introduction to the Periodic Table of the Elements – Explanation about Symbols, groups and periods.

 What is the periodic table?

The periodic table of elements is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements arranged by increasing atomic number from the element with the lowest atomic number, hydrogen, to the element with the highest atomic number, oganessian. The atomic number of an element is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom of that element. Hydrogen has 1 proton, and Oganessian has 118.oganessian

Why is the Periodic Table so Important?

A periodic table is an important tool for a scientist which categorized and organized a large volume of information into a very handy tool. Scientist Mendeleev published his first version of the periodic table and today there are 118 known elements in the periodic table. 

Symbols

Each element has a symbol, which is one or two letters. The first letter is always capitalized. If there is a second letter, it is lowercase. Symbol of first ten elements of the periodic table in given below:

  1. H - Hydrogen
  2. He - Helium
  3.  Lithium
  4. Be - Beryllium
  5. B - Boron
  6. C - Carbon
  7. N - Nitrogen
  8. O - Oxygen
  9. F - Fluorine
  10. Ne - Neon


Groups and periods

Groups are the vertical columns of the periodic table, with each group containing elements that have the same number of valence electrons. There are 18 groups in total. Periods are the horizontal rows of the periodic table, with each element in a period having the same number of atomic orbitals. There are seven periods in total. The top period contains hydrogen and helium, and the number of orbitals increases as you move down the rows. 

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