Introduction to Structure of Atom and properties - Electrons, Protons, Neutrons and Models of Atom

 What is an atom?

An atom is the basic building block of matter that cannot be chemically broken. Atoms organize all kinds of matter; everything you can see and touch. The atom is the smallest particle into which an element can be divided. 

Subatomic particles

Atoms consist of three basic particles namely, neutrons, protons and electrons with hydrogen as an exception without neutrons. The nucleus of the atom contains protons and neutrons. It is nuclear energy that makes neutrons and protons stick together. And, nucleus bounds with one or more electrons around it. The protons are positively charged, electrons are negatively charged and neutrons are neutral. Protons, neutrons, and electrons are very small, and most of the volume of an atom is actually empty space. The number of protons in an atom's nucleus distinguishes one chemical element from another.  When a chemical reaction occurs, it is preserved with its original properties. In no case can an atom be destroyed or created. They organize themselves differently, creating a series of links between them.

Depending on their composition, the different chemical elements are represented and distinguished in the periodic table.

Models of Atom

several models of atoms were postulated and discarded before the right one was revealed. Some of the important models are Dalton’s Model of the Atom, J.J Thomson’s Model of Atom, Rutherford’s Atomic Model and Neil Bohr’s Theory. The modern atomic model was invented by Werner Heisenberg and Erwin Schrodinger which explains the probabilistic nature of the electron and applying it to the model of the atom.

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