Group 1 on the periodic table: Alkali metals - Electronic configuration, physical and chemical properties

 What are Alkali Metals?

Alkali metals are s-block elements located in the leftmost side of the periodic table.  The word ‘alkali’ refers to the basic or alkaline nature of their metal hydroxides. Alkali metals are a group of six chemical elements in the first column of the periodic table namely Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K), Rubidium (Rb), Cesium (Cs), and Francium (Fr). 

Electronic configuration

Alkali metals have a corresponding [Noble gas] ns1 electronic configuration. So, all alkali metals have one electron in their outermost layer of electrons.   


Physical and chemical Properties:

Like all metals alkali metals are shiny in appearance and good conductors of electricity; however, they are soft and highly reactive. They have low melting points and react easily with air and moisture. Because of their reactivity, special precautions are needed when using and storing them.  Francium is a radioactive element with a very low half-life. Hydrogen (H) is not considered an alkali metal since it is mostly found as a gas. The common oxidation state of alkali metals is +1. In liquid form, alkali metals can ignite easily in air, producing a lot of heat and a dense, choking smoke. Since the alkali metals are most electropositive (the least electronegative) elements, they react with a great variety of nonmetals.

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